Pinscreen animation

Pinscreen animation: makes use of a screen filled with movable pins, which can be moved in or out by pressing an object onto the screen. The screen is lit from the side so that the pins cast shadows. The technique has been used to create animated films with a range of textural effects difficult to achieve with traditional cel animation

Paint-on-glass animation

Paint-on-glass animation: a technique for making animated films by manipulating slow drying oil paints on sheets of glass.

Drawn on film animation

Drawn on film animation: a technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, for example by Norman McLaren and Len Lye